ABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Descrever os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, radiológicos e anatomopatológicos encontrados em tecidos pulmonares de necrópsias de crianças com Aids e acometimento pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados, retrospectivamente, prontuários, radiografias simples de tórax e laudos de necrópsias de 14 crianças com Aids e acometimento pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Oito casos eram do sexo masculino e seis do feminino. As idades variaram de três meses a nove anos, mediana de 1,2, sendo nove deles menores de dois anos. A transmissäo foi vertical em 10 pacientes, dos quais cinco mäes tinham história de contaminaçäo por relaçäo heterossexual; três, por hemotransfusäo e em duas, ignorada. Pneumonia (n=8), candidíase oral (n=8) e diarréia (n=5) foram as doenças prévias mais referidas. Os sinais e sintomas observados à internaçäo foram febre (n=12), dispnéia (n=10), tosse (n=11), linfoadenomegalia (n=11), hepato e/ou esplenomegalia (n=10), desnutriçäo (n=9), palidez (n=8), cianose (n=5) e baqueteamento digital (n=2). Os achados radiológicos mais comuns foram infiltrados difusos (n=6) e condensaçöes (n=5). As alteraçöes histológicas pulmonares foram compatíveis com pneumonia pelo citomegalovírus (n=9), por bactérias (n=8), por Pneumocystis carinii (n=3), por Hystoplasma capsulatum (n=1), por Toxoplasma gondii (n=1) e pneumonia intersticial linfocítica (n=1). A associaçäo CMV e bactéria foi observada em seis casos. CONCLUSÖES: Houve predomínio de menores de dois anos, de transmissäo vertical, de quadro clínico inespecífico de doença pulmonar e de infiltrados e condensaçöes à radiografia. Citomegalovírus e bactérias foram os agentes mais comuns, sendo freqüente a sua associaçäo. Pneumonia Intersticial Linfocítica e Pneumonia pelo P. carinii näo foram causas freqüentes de doenças pulmonares
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Pneumonia, Bacterial , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Pneumonia, Bacterial , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmissionABSTRACT
Beta-Myrcene (MYR) is a monoterpene found in the oils of a variety of aromatic plants including lemongrass, verbena, hop, bay, and others. MYR and essential oils containing this terpenoid compound are used in cosmetics, household products, and as flavoring food additives. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of MYR on fertility and general reproductive performance in the rat. MYR (0, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) in peanut oil was given by gavage to male Wistar rats (15 per dose group) for 91 days prior to mating and during the mating period, as well ass to females (45 per dose group) continuously for 21 days before mating, during mating and pregnancy, and throughout the period of lactatiomn up to postnatal day 21. On day 21 of pregnancy one-third of the females of each group were submitted to cesarean section. Resorption, implantation, as well as dead and live fetuses were counted. All fetuses were examined for external malformation, weighed, and cleared and stained with Alizarin Red S for skeleton evaluation. The remaining dams were allowed to give birth to their offspring. The progeny was examined at birth and subsequently up to postnatal day 21. Mortality, weight gain and physical signs of postnatal development were evaluated. Except for an increase in liver and kidney weights, no other sign of toxicity was noted in male and female rats exposed to MYR. MYR did not affect the mating index (proportion of females impregnated by males) or the pregnancy index (ratio of pregnant to sperm-positive females). No sign of maternal toxicity and no increase in externally visible malformations were observed at any dose level. Only at the highest dose tested (500 mg/kg) did MYR induce an increase in the resorption rate and a higher frequency of fetal skeleton anomalies. No adverse effect of MYR on postnatal weight gain was noted but days of appearance of primary coat, incisor eruption and eye opening were slightly delayed in the exposed offspring. On the basis of the data presented in this paper the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for toxic effects on fertility and general reproductive performance can be set at 300 mg of Beta-myrcene/kg body weight by the oral route.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Fertility/drug effects , Food Additives/pharmacology , Pregnancy, Animal/drug effects , Terpenes/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight/drug effects , Fetal Development/drug effects , Fetus/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Pair Bond , Rats, Wistar , Reproduction/drug effects , Spermatozoa/drug effectsABSTRACT
1. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the intestinal secretory immunity of HIV-infected patients. Jejunal biopsies were obtained with a Watson capsule from 52 HIV-infected patients and compared to a control group consisting of 12 healthy subjects, matched for age and sex. IgA- and IgM-containing plasma cells were studied by immunofluorescence by two independent observers who had no knowledge of the history of the slides. 2. The IgA and IgM plasma cell density was significantly decreased in HIV-infected patients when compared to the controls (31/52 for IgA and 42/52 for IgM in the HIV group and normal density in all controls). The depletion of intestinal plasma cells was an early feature of HIV disease and did not correlate with diarrhea, enteropathogens or mucosal atrophy. Although IgA plasma cell depletion has been described in HIV infection, this is the first report of IgM cell density reduction. 3. A peripheral fluorescence pattern was observed in the intestinal cells of HIV-infected patients, contrasting with the normal cytoplasmic fluorescence pattern seen in controls. The cells presenting a rim of peripheral fluorescence in HIV disease might correspond to immature B lymphocytes. 4. The intestinal plasma cell depletion may result in hampered mucosal defense in HIV disease, and is likely to be a direct consequence of T lymphocyte function impairment. 5. The data indicate that the intestinal secretory immune system is altered in AIDS and also in the early stages of HIV disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin M , Intestinal Mucosa , Jejunum , Plasma Cells , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Biopsy , Cell Count , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Intestinal Mucosa , JejunumABSTRACT
Os autores utilizaram no IPPMG da UFRJ um produto novo, a propsonina, em 32 criancas desnutridas apresentando quadro de septicemia ou infeccao, como coadjuvante de terapeutica antimicrobiana convencional quando esta nao atuou eficazmente. Comparando este grupo com 32 criancas de um grupo-controle, os autores viram que o periodo de internacao foi mais curto e a taxa de mortalidade baixou sensivelmente.Nao houve colateral em um total de duzentas e oitenta e duas doses administradas.Fundamentados neste trabalho inicial os autores, puderam tirar algumas conclusoes interessantes como a importancia do aleitamento materno, o grau de desnutricao e a faixa etaria, contribuindo para maior frequencia de septicemia em criancas. Terminam os autores achando que deveriam aumentar o numero de casos para futura analise estatistica e conlusoes definitivas